![]() Local invasion of uterus, fallopian tubes and contralateral adnexa can be found, while the involvement of bladder and rectum is less frequent. Ovarian cancer may show direct extension to surrounding pelvic structures, as well as intraperitoneal, lymphatic and hematogenous spread. Basically, stage I describes tumours confined to ovaries, stage II reflects pelvic extension or primary peritoneal cancer, stage III indicates spread to the peritoneum outside the pelvis and/or metastasis to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes, while stage IV refers to distant metastasis. The FIGO system has been recently revised and went into effect on 1 January 2014 (Table (Table2). There are two staging systems to describe the spread of ovarian tumours: the TNM (tumour, node, metastasis) and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO). Stomach, colon, breast, lung, contralateral ovary Small cell carcinoma, gestational choriocarcinoma, others Papillary cystic tumour, surface papillary tumour, adenofibroma/cystadenofibromaĪdenocarcinoma, surfacepapillary adenocarcinoma, adenocarcinomafibromaĬystadenoma, adenofibroma/cystadenofibroma Surface epithelial-stromal tumours (65 %)Ĭystadenoma, papillarycystadenoma adenofibroma/cystadenofibroma We describe MR signal intensity features (e.g., haemorrhagic areas, elevated protein content, fat and collagenous tissue) and enhancement behaviour of each lesion using pathologically proven examples from our institution. We propose an MR imaging-guided approach to the differential diagnosis of ovarian tumours based on morphological appearance. In this article, we review epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, classification, staging and diagnostic approaches to ovarian masses. Therefore, radiologists play an important role in the multidisciplinary approach of ovarian mass, and, though different pathological conditions may have similar radiologic manifestations, they should be aware of MR imaging features of ovarian lesions that may orientate the differential diagnosis. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may provide useful information for the characterization of ovarian masses as non-neoplastic or neoplastic, and, in the latter case, as benign or malignant. Characterization of an ovarian lesion represents a diagnostic challenge it is of great importance in the preoperative setting in order to plan adequate therapeutic procedures and may influence patient’s management. Ovarian masses are a common finding in daily clinical practice and may be incidentally detected or identified in symptomatic patients. ![]()
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